Vanadium and Cancer
Vanadium
in cancer treatment - Brief Article
Alternative Medicine Review, August, 2002 by AM Evangelou
Evangelou
AM. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2002;42:249-265.
Vanadium
compounds exert preventive effects against chemical carcinogenesis
on animals, by modifying, mainly, various xenobiotic enzymes,
inhibiting, thus, carcinogen-derived active metabolites.
Studies on various cell lines reveal that vanadium exerts
its antitumor effects through inhibition of cellular tyrosine
phosphatases and/or activation of tyrosine phosphorylases.
Both effects activate signal transduction pathways leading
either to apoptosis and/or to activation of tumor suppressor
genes. Furthermore, vanadium compounds may induce cell-cycle
arrest and/or cytotoxic effects through DNA cleavage and
fragmentation and plasma membrane lipoperoxidation. Reactive
oxygen species generated by Fenton-like reactions and/or
during the intracellular reduction of V(V) to V(IV) by,
mainly, NADPH, participate to the majority of the vanadium-induced
intracellular events. Vanadium may also exert inhibitory
effects on cancer cell metastatic potential through modulation
of cellular adhesive molecules, and reverse antineoplastic
drug resistance. It also possesses low toxicity that, in
combination with the synthesis of new, more potent and better
tolerated complexes, may establish vanadium as an effective
non-platinum, metal antitumor agent.
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